Below is a list of previous cases in which the EU has ruled against tax deals for large corporations.
STARBUCKS, The Netherlands (completed investigations)
In October 2015, the European Commission ordered the Netherlands to recover 20 million to 30 million euros in back taxes from US coffee shop chain Starbucks. Both the Netherlands and the company said they would appeal the ruling.
FIAT, Luxembourg
Also in October, the Commission told Luxembourg to recoup 20 million to 30 million euros from carmaker Fiat. Luxembourg said it would appeal.
AB INBEV, ATLAS COPCO, BP and 32 others, Belgium
The Commission in January told Belgium to recover around 700 million euros from 35 companies because of their participation in a tax scheme not compliant with EU competition rules.
While the Commission did not name the companies involved, sources said the largest beneficiaries were ABInBev, Atlas Copco, BASF, BP and Proximus. Atlas Copco said it had made a provision of 300 million euros.
AMAZON, Luxembourg (Ongoing investigations)
The Commission is currently scrutinising online retailer Amazon’s tax deal with Luxembourg.
McDONALD’S, Luxembourg
In December, the EU competition enforcer announced it was investigating a deal between McDonald’s and Luxembourg, saying the US fast food chain had not paid any corporate taxes in Luxembourg or the United States on royalties paid by franchisees in Europe and Russia since 2009.
— Reuters
